Salad

What is salad?

词意

A dish consisting of green, leafy raw vegetables, often with radish, cucumber, or tomato, served with a dressing.
沙拉：由绿色有叶生菜制成的一道菜，常加有萝卜、黄瓜或西红柿，并加调味品食用。

A cold dish of chopped fruit, meat, fish, eggs, or other food, usually prepared with a dressing, such as mayonnaise.
凉拌食品：由切碎的水果、肉、鱼、蛋或其它食物组成的凉菜，常配有调料，如蛋黄酱。

A green vegetable or herb used in salad, especially lettuce.
沙拉蔬菜：沙拉中使用的绿色蔬菜或食用植物，尤指莴苣。

A varied mixture:
杂烩：各种混合物

词源

Middle English salade
中古英语 salade
from Old French
源自 古法语
possibly from Old Provençal salada
可能源自 古普罗旺斯语 salada
from Vulgar Latin *sal³ta [from feminine past participle of] .sal³re [to salt]
源自 俗拉丁语 *sal³ta [] 源自穝al³re的阴性过去分词 [撒盐]
from Latin s³l [salt] * see sal-
源自 拉丁语 s³l [盐] *参见 sal-
<注释>
The wordsalad may have come to us from Vulgar Latin, the chiefly unrecorded common speech of the ancient Romans, which is distinguished from standard literary, or Classical, Latin.The word takes its origin from the fact that salt was and is an important ingredient of salad dressings.Hence the Vulgar Latin verb.sal³re, “to salt,” from Latin s³l, “salt,” in the past participial form .sal³ta, “having been salted,” came to mean “salad.” The Vulgar Latin word passed into languages descending from it,such as Portuguese (salada ) and Old Provençal ( salada ). Old French may have borrowed its wordsalade from Old Provençal. Medieval Latin also carried on the Vulgar Latin word in the formsal³ta. As in the case of so many culinary delights, the English borrowed the word and probably the dish from the French.The Middle English wordsalade, from Old French salade and Medieval Latin sal³ta, is first recorded in a recipe book composed before 1399.
Salad 一词可能源于俗拉丁语， 一种区别于文学拉丁语和古典拉丁语的古罗马平民使用的无记载语言。该词有其起源是因为盐是沙拉调料的重要成分。因此从拉丁词sal ，“盐”的过去分词形式 Salata （“被加过盐的”）使俗拉丁语动词 salare “撒盐”转化为“沙拉”一义。 由此俗拉丁语词传入多种语言，如葡萄牙语(salada )和古普罗旺斯语( salada )。 古法语中的salade 一词可能来自于古普罗旺斯语。 中世纪拉丁语salata 也来自于该俗拉丁语。 因为有如此多烹调的乐趣，英国人从法国人那里借用了该词及这道菜。来自于古法语的Salade 及中世纪拉丁语 sal³ta 的中世纪英语中的 salade 一词被记载于1399年以前编的一本菜谱里。

<特殊用法>
apple salad
苹果色拉
caesar salad
凯萨色拉, 西泽民凉拌菜
chicken salad
鸡丁沙拉, 鸡沙拉
corn salad
菜用结页草, 野苣(拌沙拉用)
field salad
作沙拉青菜用的匙形菜叶
fruit salad
水果色拉
mixed salad
什锦色拉
mushroom salad
蘑菇色拉
potato salad
马铃薯沙拉
Russian salad
俄式凉拌菜
tomato salad
番茄色拉
vegetable salad
蔬菜色拉